Changes in Pain Intensity and Blood Pressure Following Foot Massage in Hospitalized Patients With Hypertension: A Two-Case Study

Abstract

Managing hypertension requires sustained blood pressure control while also addressing patients’ pain and comfort during hospitalization. Foot massage is a complementary nursing intervention that may support relaxation and symptom management; however, its implementation alongside routine pharmacological treatment warrants careful clinical observation. We aimed to describe changes in pain intensity, blood pressure, comfort-related manifestations, and safety observations following foot massage therapy in hospitalized patients with hypertension. We conducted a descriptive two-case study in the Melati Ward of RS TK II Pelamonia Makassar, Indonesia, from June 9 to 12, 2025. Two patients received foot massage once daily for four consecutive days, with each session lasting approximately 35 minutes. Pain intensity was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale, while blood pressure was measured before and after each session. Clinical observations and interviews documented additional comfort- and safety-related findings. Both patients demonstrated a one-point reduction in pain scores after every session. Systolic blood pressure decreased after all sessions, whereas diastolic blood pressure showed a less consistent pattern. Clinical records also captured changes in pain-related symptoms and behavioral manifestations, although comfort and fall risk were not assessed using standardized instruments. This case study describes integrating foot massage into inpatient nursing care while monitoring multiple patient outcomes. The findings suggest that foot massage may serve as a complementary, comfort-oriented intervention; however, the small sample, absence of a comparison group, and concurrent medication preclude causal conclusions. Future controlled studies should use standardized outcome measures and include longer follow-up.